The War on Drugs - 1580 Words

The war on drugs began in the United States in 1971 when President Richard Nixon declared war. President Nixon increased the number of federal drug control agencies, increased mandatory sentences for drug offenders, and utilized no-knock warrants in attempt to get the problem under control. It has been over forty years since President Nixon declared a war on drugs. Did America win the war on drugs? Is it time to legalize illicit drugs in this country? What are other countries doing in reference to drugs? The author will examine the history of the war on drugs in this country, how other countries deal with drugs, list the positive and negative aspect of legalizing illicit drugs, and offer his opinion as to whether drugs should be†¦show more content†¦According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse marijuana is the most common illicit drug used in the United States. Contrary to the beliefs of many, marijuana is addictive. Research suggest that approximately 9% of mar ijuana users become addicted, that the percent increases with users that start at an early age to 17%, and increases in more significantly with those that use marijuana on a daily bases to 25% to 50% becoming addicted (www.drugabuse.gov). The Benefits of Legalizing Illicit Drugs The benefits of legalizing illicit drugs are numerous and obvious to the supports of this movement. The primary benefit to legalizing illicit drugs is financial. According to the Drug Policy Alliance, the United States spends $51billion annually on the war on drugs. The benefits of legalizing illicit drugs can also be felt in the criminal justice system in this country as of 2012 there were 1.55 million people who were arrested in the United States for nonviolent drug charges, of which 749, 825 were arrested for possession of marijuana (www.drugpolicy.org). Many people believe that drug trade should be regulated by the government much like alcohol and tobacco products are currently done. Some of these people include law enforcement officers. There is an organization called LEAP or Law Enforcement against Prohibition. The spokesman for LEAP is Caption Peter ChristShow MoreRelatedThe Drug War On Drugs1378 Words   |  6 Pagesnon-violent drug charges. These people’s lives are now forever changed because of a mistake they made. This mistake is continually made every single day and Americans are being punished in extreme ways for a non violent crime. The United States needs to decimalize all drugs because the drug war is costly, causes high incarceration rates, and isn’t effective as European drug solutions. In the 20th century, the United States government led a major renewed surge in drug prohibition called the War on DrugsRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs Essay972 Words   |  4 PagesThe war on drugs have been a critical issue that has repeatedly held a great debate topic. It was in the 1906 when the first act against drug was put into effect with the Pure Food and Drug Act which required all over-the-counter medication to have label of its ingredients. Under President Nixon the first executive branch office to coordinate drug policy was formed and the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act was put into place. Two years following that the Drug Enforcement AgencyRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs1486 Words   |  6 PagesThe War on Drugs Despite an estimated $1 trillion spent by the United States on the â€Å"War on Drugs†, statistics from the US Department of Justice (2010) has confirmed that the usage of drugs has not changed over the past 10 years. Approximately $350 billion is spent per year on the â€Å"war on drugs†, only $7 billion is spent on prevention programs by the federal government. The war on drugs is more heavily focused on how to control crime, instead of how to prevent it. Not only is the war on drugs costlyRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs Essay1549 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Drug has been a serious issue in our society and criminal justice institutes due to many problems associated, including the violence, negative health benefits, social disorganization, and other negative consequences. The police agencies have adopted a policy called â€Å"The War on Drugs†, as a response to the rising drug problems. The War on Drugs has popularized variety policies and practices that significantly increased the overall number of drug arrests, and other drug related offenses(TheRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs1199 Words   |  5 PagesThere was so much information on this topic of the War on Drugs that I am still wrapping my mind around it. It went into such detail about the war on drugs that are never talked about. We always hear â€Å"just say no.† I know that drugs are a very big problem in our society and even the whole world but I never knew to what extent it really was. I found it very interesting how Johann Hari interviewed these people who were in the middle of the drug war and their stories. It really opened my eyes to whatRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs808 Words   |  4 PagesWhose interests are advanced by sustaining the war on drugs? Police seems to gain a lot by sustaining the â€Å"war on drug†. Drugs are a significant force in police deviance, with as many as half of all convictions in police corruption cases involving drug-related crimes. Corruption in law enforcement, courts, and corrections can be explained through egoism selfish desires for personal gain. In other cases, however, corruption might be better understood as stemming from socially hedonistic incentives;Read MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs1821 Words   |  8 PagesThe war on drugs is a long going battle and it has created many issues all around the world and as of today the highest prison population can be found in the United States due to drug charges. About half of the inmates with in federal and state prisons can be found on drug convictions. Those charges can range from possession of an illicit substance to drug trafficking that surprisingly continues to be an issue in federal and state prisons. How can United States put an end to t he war on drugs? Read MoreThe War On Drugs And Drugs2027 Words   |  9 Pagesincreased federal spending in an attempt to curb the number of drug users and the sale and importation of illicit narcotics the war on drugs began in earnest. The war on drugs has also played a major role in politics as well as having a significant impact on the economy. While there are many arguments in favor for the war on drugs and an equal number of arguments against it I will attempt to show an unbiased look at the war on drugs and drug prohibition and how it has affected society as a whole. SinceRead MoreWar On Drugs And Drugs1952 Words   |  8 PagesWar on Drugs The war on drugs has come a long way without any remarkable success. America has been dealing with the drug menace for many years to a point that four of its presidents have declared the war on drugs part of their main agenda. Sadly, it has been a lost war in various perspectives. Drug abuse continues to be a daily topic with drug abusers flooding not only the American society but also many countries’ hospitals, prisons and courts. The drug trade has continued to cause violent crimesRead MoreThe Drug War On Drugs Essay2030 Words   |  9 Pagesthe â€Å"War on Drugs† sought to control the sale and use of psychoactive drugs as well as promote access to treatment for those who abuse and misuse these substances (Bagley, 1988; Elkins, 1990). Policies implemented prohibited the possession and distribution of narcotics (e.g. marijuana, cocaine, heroin); the punitive policies, which often resulted in hefty fines and prison sentences for violators, ultimately prompted the emer gence of a black market, more potent and lethal drugs, synthetic drugs as well

Coffee growers Free Essays

Coffee growers in poor rural areas are paid very little for their crop. What strategies are proposed in this clip for changing that situation? The strategies that are proposed in this clip for changing this situation are for coffee growers to adapt to the fair-trade market. Under the fair-trade market coffee growers will have the chance to a decent market price that will help increase their production. We will write a custom essay sample on Coffee growers or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. Now that you know something about the â€Å"sociology of coffee† and globalization, will your own consumption habits change at all? Explain why you would change or not your consumption habits. I prefer not to drink coffee as a result my consumption will not change. 3. In what ways is the â€Å"coffee-go-round† an example of what Mills called â€Å"public issues† and â€Å"private troubles?† The public issues are coffee growers in poor rural area are not paid reasonably for their crops. The private troubles are coffee growers are trapped to sell only coca because of the competitive markets and expensive expenses. 1. C. Wright Mills said that the sociological imagination comes from our ability to see the connection between â€Å"public issues† and â€Å"private troubles.† How does the narrator of this film make such a connection in his life? What are the â€Å"public issues† and the â€Å"private troubles?† The narrator of this film makes such a connection in his life by connecting his relationship with his brother through his childhood experiences and a tragic accident which created and caused a decision for his brother to go to West Point University and become a Black Hawk pilot for the army that as a result change the narrator’s connection between him and his brother through his childhood. Now having to send American troops to Iraq is a public problem and worrying to have to hear from a love one or relative going to war and not returning back to his family and tragically changing his family’s life is a private trouble. Article Questions Article 14 1. How do the authors define â€Å"early adulthood†? How do they explain the incidence of prolonged early adulthood in the United States? Early adulthood is a time of struggle to gain the skills and credentials required for a job that can support the family they wish to start and a struggle to feel in control of their lives or is when people figure out when they want to do and how best to realize their goals. The primary reason for a prolonged early adulthood is that it now takes much longer to secure a full-time job that pays enough to support a family. 2. Examine figure 2. How are the lives of young people in 2000 different from those in 1960? What do you think accounts for these differences? The lives of young people in 2000 are less successful completing the transition to adulthood than the lives from those in 1960. Young adults not finding a full-time job that pays enough to support a family. 3. Discuss positive and negative effects of postponing adulthood on parenting. How do you suspect this changes childrearing practices? How does having children change the careers of middle-aged workers? The positive effects of waiting to become a parent while in your adulthood are more likely to leave home, be financially independent, and completed schooling. The negative effects of postponing adulthood on parenting are not likely to be financially independent and completing schooling. Parents who postpone adulthood on parenting are likely to show care and loving towards their children than parents who are trying to complete their adulthood. Having children change the careers of middle aged Article 59 1. What is the Gautreaux program in Chicago and how is it departure from previous policy? The Gautreaux program in Chicago is an experiment in public housing. Such policies assume that to depopulate the ghetto, gentrify it, or blow it up is effective solution to the problems concentrated in it instead Gautreaux program try to improve the lifestyles and environment around the less unfortunate. 2. What is the relationship between the â€Å"quality of life† in neighborhoods and their crime rates (as suggested by the work of Clifford Shaw and Henry  McKay)? The relationship between the â€Å"quality of life† in neighborhoods and their crime rates are lacked to control the behavior of local youth as a result traditions of delinquency are passed on by neighborhood youth. 3. Logan refers to studies that used census data to understand variations in crime rates between neighborhoods and the demographic characteristics of their residents. Why is census data a valuable resource in this case? Can you think of ways in which the use of census data in social research might lead to questionable findings? Census data is a valuable resource in this case because it shows the average rates of juvenile delinquency in Chicago tracts that makes some neighborhoods unsafe. We can find out basic information about the size of the population, and its composition by age, gender, race and ethnicity. The use of census data in social research might lead to questionable findings as to understand what are the causes and problems that each individual face. 4. To explain the conditions in a neighborhood, Logan suggest we must answer two questions. What are these questions, and how do they differ from the approach of most studies of neighborhood inequalities? First, what happened to these places to create their conditions? Second, how and why do certain kinds of people come to live in places with such problems? The two questions are different from most studies of neighborhood inequalities because most studies of neighborhood inequalities strongly focused on race and education. How to cite Coffee growers, Papers

Social Determinants and Public Health Programmes

Question: Discuss about the Social Determinants and Public Health Programmes. Answer: Introduction: Carla is honest, hardworking, brave, sacrificing, consistent, confident and kind person. Carla maintained her honest relationship with her husband in his down period, even though he left her alone when she required his support more. She is very hardworking, as she never gave up doing job. She faced many obstacles while doing different jobs. Still, she searched new jobs at each time and earned living for herself and her children. Carla is brave because she never left fighting spirit. Carla is very kind to each and every individual she comes across. She accepted each individuals negative characters and behaved positively with each and every person. Carla is ready to sacrifice her personal happiness for the family members. She left eating proper food to save money for the purpose of visiting her daughter. Carla is consistent in her efforts to take her of her family members. Carla is confident because she took care of family on her own. Overall, Carla has all the positive characters. Car las husband is dishonest, opportunistic, introvert and fearful. Carlas husband is dishonest in his relations. He performed his duties for the family, when it suited for him. He didnt take extra efforts to look after his family. He is introvert and didnt open to anybody about his injury. He is fearful because he didnt open to about his injury in the fear of losing his job (Gehlert and Browne, 2011). Social Determinants of Health: Personal, social, economic and environmental factors which affect health of the individual person are called health determinants. In this case study, mainly three social determinants like social factors, individual behavior and biology affects health of different individual in this case study. Carla couldnt get proper education because her family was not educated. Hence, she couldnt get job in the higher position. As, a result she was doing temporary jobs to meet the daily needs of her family. Build environment of the working place for her husband gave him head injury. Build environment is one of the physical components of social factor. Due to this factor, her husband got serious head injury and depression. Public transport is also one of the physical factors responsible for health related issues. Due to high cost of the public transport, Carla couldnt visit her daughter and take care of her. This might lead to further detoriation of health of her daughter. Moreover, as she is pregn ant, it can affect health of infant also (Marmot and Wilkinson, 2005; Toba et al., 2011). As, Carla and her husband were not educated, they couldnt provide proper education to their children. Hence, their socio-economic status of living was low. People living in the low socio-economic level are low in functioning and quality of life. These people are not aware of the importance of hygiene and good health. As these people need to work, despite poor health to earn daily living for the family. It can lead to the further detoriation of the health. Carlas husband also didnt stopped working despite head injury and it resulted in the serious problem for himself and his family also. It is evident from the literature that, people with low socioeconomic status are low in health status. Individual behavior is another social determinant affecting health in this case study. Carlas husband detoriated his health due to his personal behavior like introvert nature. He didnt report his injury due to fear of losing health and resulted in the serious problem. Daughter of Carla was facing health issues due to biological reasons. She is facing gestational diabetes problem. Gestational diabetes is very common problem in the pregnant women and these women should control it otherwise it can affect health of both mother and baby. In this case, Carlas daughter was feeling tired due gestational diabetes and seek help from Carla (Braveman and Gottlieb, 2014; Cowling et al., 2014). Two Strategies to Address the Issue: Social factors of the health determinant should be addressed by the population which gets affected. Individuals of this population should identify the factors affecting their health and try to address on their own, with family members, community workers and social workers. Policy makers, legislators and officials from health department should identify issues and educate the population. They should address these issues through meetings with people and through workshops. Respected figures and well-known personalities of the society should come forward and address these issues. Because these people have good influence on all types people in the society People should be skilled enough to keep away from the unhealthy environment. This knowledge and skills can be developed in the people through community development programmes. There should be communication between the high and low socioeconomic class people. It would help to transfer awareness about the healthy life. Health related issues generally occur due to the multiple factors, hence these issues should be addressed by experts and workers from the different discipline. These collaborative efforts would bring positive changes in the multiple sectors and there would be overall improvement in the health of the whole population. Government and Non-Government organizations should come forward to improve health awareness among the people (WHO, 2010; Raphael, 2014). Addressing upstream social determinants of health : There should be knowledge about the building so that it would not affect health of the people. People should form self-help group for cleanliness of the environment, maintain hygiene, adequate food and supply of good water. Policies required for the improvement in the community health and development should be implemented effectively. Barriers for accessing health facilities should be improved. There should be equal distribution about the health care education among all classes of people. There should be preventive measures taken from the health department to prevent communicable diseases. Education should be provided to protect people from hazards in the workplace and society (Tengland, 2012; Cowling et al., 2014). Healthcare professional should give education to the people about maintaining hygiene condition and healthy food. Healthcare professional also should work towards the community safety. Healthcare professional should work towards the easy availability and accessibility of medicine to the all classes of people. Health professional also should advise community people to do exercise for healthy living. Healthcare professionals should carry out survey about the community health issues and implement strategies to address these issues. Healthcare professionals should guide the policy makers about the policies to be implemented for the improvement in the social and community health services. Healthcare professionals should advocate pro-health policies like maintenance policies, education policies, employment policies, compensation policies and tax policies. Healthcare professionals should use audio and video media effectively to address the health issues and make aware people about healthy l iving. There should be incorporation of social determinants in the medical curricula. It should comprises of population and community health coursework along with the clinical science. Healthcare professionals should address social determinants of health at both individual and population level. Healthcare professionals should collaborate with other allied health professionals, government agencies, community workers and social workers. Every hospital should designate a specialist person to address the social determinants of the health (Schofield, 2015). References: Braveman, P., and Gottlieb, L. (2014). The Social Determinants of Health: It's Time to Consider the Causes of the Causes. Public Health Reports, 129(2), 1931. Cowling, K., Dandona, R., and Dandona, L., (2014). Social determinants of health in India: progress and inequities across states. International Journal for Equity in Health, 13, p. 88. Marmot, M. and Wilkinson, R. (2005). Social Determinants of Health. OUP Oxford. Gehlert, S., and Browne, T. (2011). Handbook of Health Social Work. John Wiley Sons. Raphael, D. (2014). Beyond policy analysis: The raw politics behind opposition to healthy public policy. Health Promotion International, 30, 38096. Schofield, T., (2015). A Sociological Approach to Health Determinants. Cambridge University Press. Toba, B., Dennis, R., Ted, S., and Ronald, L. (2011). Canada: A land of missed opportunity for addressing the social determinants of health. Health Policy, 101(1), pp. 4458. Tengland, P.A. (2012). Behavior Change or Empowerment: On the Ethics of Health-Promotion Strategies. Public Health Ethics, 5(2), pp. 14053. World Health Organization. (2010). Equity, Social Determinants and Public Health Programmes. World Health Organization.